Germs

D90: 45.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Adenovirus

Beck et al. · 2014

Median D90: 30.0 mJ/cm² @ 220 nm

Adenovirus type 2

6 studies · median Shin · 2005

D90: 30.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Adenovirus type 40

Linden et al. · 2007

D90: 40.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Adenovirus type 5

Linden et al. · 2007

Hepatitis A virus

5 studies · median Wang · 1995

Median D90: 9.2 mJ/cm²

Humanes Norovirus

Wigginton et al. · 2020

D90: 3.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 20.0 mJ/cm² @ 220–260 nm

MS2 Coliphage

12 studies · median USEPA UVDGM · 2006

Murines Norovirus

Ko et al. · 2008

D90: 7.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 11.1 mJ/cm² @ 220–254 nm

Rotavirus OSU

2 studies · median Ye et al. · 2020

Median D90: 29.1 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Rotavirus SA11

2 studies · median Sommer et al. · 2009

water air

SARS-CoV-2

5 studies · median Vila et al. · 2021

Median D90: 1.2 mJ/cm² @ 222–268 nm

Viruses (RNA)

6 species

Coxsackievirus

Gerba et al. · 2002

D90: 9.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Feline Calicivirus

Thurston-Enriquez et al. · 2003

D90: 5.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV)

Liltved et al. · 2006

D90: 2.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Influenza A

McDevitt et al. · 2012

D90: 3.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

D90: 15.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Norovirus

Thurston-Enriquez et al. · 2003

Median D90: 7.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Poliovirus type 1

5 studies · median Chang et al. · 1985

Viruses (DNA)

4 species

Bakteriophage T1

Beck et al. · 2015

D90: 4.3 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Bakteriophage T4

Bohrerova et al. · 2008

D90: 1.1 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Bakteriophage T7

Bowker et al. · 2011

D90: 2.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

φX174 (Coliphage PhiX174)

Hessling et al. · 2023

D90: 5.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Bacteria (vegetative)

33 species

Aeromonas salmonicida

Liltved & Landfald · 1996

D90: 1.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Brucella melitensis

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 2.8 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Brucella suis

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 2.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Burkholderia mallei

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 1.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 1.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 2.1 mJ/cm² @ 254–280 nm

Campylobacter jejuni

3 studies · median Wilson et al. · 1992

Median D90: 2.5 mJ/cm² @ 254–280 nm

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Sharp · 1939

D90: 3.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

water surface air

E. coli

12 studies · median Bintsis et al. · 2017

E. coli O157:H7

Yaun et al. · 2003

D90: 8.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Enterococcus faecalis

Chang et al. · 1985

D90: 4.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Francisella tularensis

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 1.3 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Helicobacter pylori

Hayes et al. · 2006

D90: 4.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Klebsiella terrigena

Wilson et al. · 1992

D90: 3.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 1.9 mJ/cm² @ 254–280 nm

Legionella longbeachae

Cerveró-Aragó et al. · 2014

D90: 1.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

water air

Legionella pneumophila

8 studies · median Oguma · 2004

Median D90: 2.2 mJ/cm² @ 254–280 nm

Leptospira interrogans (Serovar Pomona)

Stamm & Charon · 1988

D90: 0.8 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

water surface

Listeria monocytogenes

4 studies · median Pérez-Rodríguez et al. · 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Chang et al. · 1985

D90: 5.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Salmonella choleraesuis

Blázquez et al. · 2017

D90: 3.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Salmonella enteritidis

Gayán et al. · 2012

D90: 3.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Salmonella typhi

Chang et al. · 1985

D90: 2.1 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 4.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Salmonella typhimurium

2 studies · median Gayán et al. · 2012

Median D90: 2.6 mJ/cm² @ 254–279 nm

Salmonella Typhimurium

2 studies · median Chang et al. · 1985

Serratia marcescens

Sharp · 1939

D90: 2.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Shigella dysenteriae

Hu et al. · 2012

D90: 0.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Shigella sonnei

Chang et al. · 1985

D90: 3.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 6.8 mJ/cm² @ 254–280 nm

Staphylococcus aureus

2 studies · median Gayán et al. · 2014

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Kowalski · 2009

D90: 4.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Streptococcus pyogenes

Kowalski · 2009

D90: 3.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Vibrio anguillarum

Liltved & Landfald · 1996

D90: 0.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Vibrio cholerae

Chang et al. · 1985

D90: 3.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Yersinia enterocolitica

Clauß et al. · 2005

D90: 2.1 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Yersinia pestis

Rose & O'Connell · 2009

D90: 1.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Bacterial spores

3 species

Median D90: 16.1 mJ/cm² @ 172–254 nm

Bacillus subtilis

9 studies · median Hoyer · 2000

water air

Bacillus subtilis spores

2 studies · median Kowalski · 2009

Median D90: 22.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

D90: 384.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Clostridioides difficile spores

Asma et al. · 2024

Protozoan cysts

5 species

Cryptosporidium hominis

Johnson et al. · 2005

D90: 3.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 1.2 mJ/cm² @ 254–275 nm

Cryptosporidium parvum

10 studies · median Matsubayashi et al. · 2020

Median D90: 2.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Giardia lamblia cysts

7 studies · median Li · 2007

Giardia muris

Craik et al. · 2000

D90: 4.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Toxoplasma gondii

Ware et al. · 2010

D90: 3.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Mycobacteria

3 species

Mycobacterium avium

Hayes et al. · 2008

D90: 5.8 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Mycobacterium terrae

Bohrerova & Linden · 2006

D90: 3.9 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

D90: 10.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Xu et al. · 2003

Yeasts

6 species

water surface

Candida albicans

3 studies · median Gritz · 1990

Median D90: 75.0 mJ/cm² @ 254–420 nm

D90: 13.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Candida auris

Lemons et al. · 2020

D90: 28.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Rhodotorula minuta (pink yeast)

Pereira et al. · 2013

D90: 38.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (pink yeast)

Pereira et al. · 2013

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's / brewer's yeast)

Sommer et al. · 1996

D90: 5.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Median D90: 125.0 mJ/cm² @ 254–265 nm

Saccharomyces pastorianus (lager yeast)

Kim et al. · 2017

D90: 1.0 mJ/cm² @ 266 nm

Fungi / molds

1 species

surface water air

Aspergillus niger

7 studies · median Taylor-Edmonds et al. · 2015

Mold (vegetative)

1 species

D90: 17.3 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Geotrichum candidum (machine mould)

Menetrez et al. · 2010

Mold spores

24 species

D90: 413.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus brasiliensis (A. niger aggregate)

Dorbani et al. · 2023

D90: 35.6 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus flavus

Sisti et al. · 2017

D90: 30.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus fumigatus

Sisti et al. · 2017

D90: 183.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus parasiticus

Byun et al. · 2020

D90: 13.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus terreus

Sisti et al. · 2017

D90: 28.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Aspergillus versicolor

Sisti et al. · 2017

Median D90: 40.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)

2 studies · median Latorre et al. · 2012

D90: 750.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Cladosporium cladosporioides

Lee et al. · 2022

D90: 125.5 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Eurotium rubrum (Aspergillus-glaucus-Gruppe)

Begum et al. · 2009

D90: 38.4 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Fusarium oxysporum

Asthana & Tuveson · 1992

D90: 34.9 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Fusarium solani

Asthana & Tuveson · 1992

D90: 16.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Monilinia fructigena (brown rot)

Marquenie et al. · 2002

D90: 82.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium chrysogenum

Menetrez et al. · 2010

D90: 300.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium commune

Lee et al. · 2022

D90: 160.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium corylophilum

Begum et al. · 2009

Median D90: 40.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium digitatum (green mould)

2 studies · median Asthana & Tuveson · 1992

Median D90: 66.7 mJ/cm² @ 254–277 nm

Penicillium expansum (blue mould)

2 studies · median Syamaladevi et al. · 2015

Median D90: 241.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium italicum (citrus blue mould)

2 studies · median Gündüz & Pazir · 2013

D90: 49.2 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium multicolor

Saprykina et al. · 2009

D90: 117.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium pinophilum

Watanabe et al. · 2010

D90: 27.1 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Penicillium polonicum

Wan et al. · 2020

D90: 12.7 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Rhizopus oryzae (bread mould)

Uyar & Uyar · 2019

D90: 572.0 mJ/cm² @ 254 nm

Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould)

Green et al. · 2005